ABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar y evaluar in vitro la eficiencia del aceite esencial foliar de Lippia alba contra Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Se extrajo el aceite esencial a partir de las hojas mediante el método de hidrodestilación asistida por microondas (MWHD) y se identificaron sus metabolitos mediante una cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC/MS). La evaluación in vitro se realizó empleando 4 concentraciones del aceite esencial (500, 1000, 3000 y 10000 ppm) diluidas en acetona; se utilizó un control positivo con Benomil 1 g/L, un control negativo con acetona y un testigo absoluto; la eficiencia del aceite se midió mediante el porcentaje de índice antifúngico (%I.A). El componente mayoritario en el aceite esencial fue el citral (34.62 a 40.03%) y que el mayor %I.A se encontró a la concentración de 10000 ppm (97.8%), muy similar a la del Benomil (100%). Lo anterior demostraría la eficacia del aceite esencial de L. alba para controlar a C. gloeosporioides, y su posible uso como fungicida biológico.
The aim of this study was to characterize and evaluate the in vitro efficiency of leaf essential oil of Lippia alba against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Essential oil from the leaves was extracted by the method of assisted microwave hydrodistillation (MWHD) and metabolites were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/ MS). The in vitro evaluation was performed using 4 concentrations of essential oil (500, 1000, 3000 and 10000 ppm) diluted in acetone; positive control with Benomyl 1 g /L, a negative control with acetone and absolute control was used; oil efficiency was measured by the percentage of antifungal index (% IA). It was found that the major component was in the essential oil citral (34.62 to 40.03%) and the highest %I.A was found to 10000 ppm concentration (97.8%) very similar to Benomyl (100%). This would demonstrate the efficacy of the L. alba essential oil to control C. gloeosporioides, and its possible use as a biological fungicide.